inne
Znaki kardynalne - oznakowanie IALA
Oznakowanie kardynalne jest takie same na całej kuli ziemskiej. Polega na ustawieniu jednego, lub więcej, z czterech znaków kardynalnych. Wskazują one w którym z gównych kierunków od znaku znajduje się żeglowna woda. Główne kierunki to N-North (północ), E-East (wschód), S-South (południe), W-West (zachód). Nazwa znaku (N, E, S, W) wskazuje, z której strony należy go ominąć. Znaki te mogą mieć kształt drążkowy i kolumienkowy, jak na poniższym rysunku. Sposób oznakowania kardynalnego można łatwo zapamiętać metodą skojarzeń (przykłady na rysunku). Znaki kardynalne nie muszą być ustawione ze wszystkich stron przeszkody, najczęściej ustawia się tylko jeden znak od strony z której istnieje największe prawdopodobieństwo pojawienia się statku np. od strony szlaku żeglownego.



Znak północny
Kolor czarny ponad żółtym, znak szczytowy dwa czarne stożki skierowane wierzchołkami w górę.
Światło białe, szybko migające lub migające (MV lub M).

Znak wschodni
Kolor czarny z żółtym pasem, znak szczytowy dwa czarne stożki skierowane podstawami do siebie.
Światło białe, trzy szybkie mignięcia w grupie co 5 sek. lub trzy mignięcia w grupie co 10 sek. (MV(3) lub M(3)).

Znak południowy
Kolor żółty nad czarnym, znak szczytowy dwa czarne stożki skierowane wierzchołkami w dół.
Światło białe, sześć szybkich mignięć + błysk co 10 sek. lub sześć mignięć + błysk co 15 sek. (MV(6)+LFl lub M(6)+LFl).

Znak zachodni
Kolor żółty z czarnym pasem, znak szczytowy dwa czarne stożki skierowane wierzchołkami do siebie.
Światło białe, dziewięć szybkich mignięć co 10 sek. lub dziewięć mignięć co 15 sek. (MV(9) lub M(9)).


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